Unit I: Introduction to physiology: the cell and general physiology. -- Functional organization of the human body and control of the "internal environment". -- The cell and its functions. -- Genetic control of protein synthesis, cell function, and cell reproduction. -- Unit II: Membrane physiology, nerve, and muscle. -- Transport of substances through cell membranes. -- Membrane potentials and action potentials. -- Contraction of skeletal muscle. -- Excitation of skeletal muscle: neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling. -- Excitation and contraction of smooth muscle. -- Unit III: The heart. -- Cardiac muscle; the heart as a pump and function of the heart valves. -- Rhythmical excitation of the heart. -- Fundamentals of electrocardiography. -- Electrocardiographic interpretation of cardiac muscle and coronary blood flow abnormalities: vectorial analysis. -- Cardiac arrhythmias and their electrocardiographic interpretation. -- Unit IV: The circulation. -- Overview of the circulation: pressure, flow, and resistance. -- Vascular distensibility and functions of the arterial and venous systems. -- The microcirculation and lymphatic system: capillary fluid exchange, interstitial fluid, and lymph flow. -- Local and humoral control of tissue blood flow. -- Nervous regulation of the circulation and rapid control of arterial pressure. -- Role of the kidneys in long-term control of aterial pressure and in hypertension: the integrated system for arterial pressure regulation. -- Cardiac output, venous return, and their regulation. -- Muscle blood flow and cardiac output during exercise; the coronary circulation and ischemic heart disease. -- Cardiac failure. -- Heart valves and heart sounds:; valvular and congenital heart defects. -- Circulatory shock and its treatment. -- Unit V: The body fluids and kidney. -- Regulation of body fluid compartments: extracellular and intracellular fluids; edema. -- The urinary system: functional anatomy and urine formation by the kidney. -- Glomerular filtration, renal blood flow, and their control. -- Renal tubular reabsorption and secretion. -- Urine concentration and dilution; regulation of extracellular fluid osmolarity and sodium concentration. -- Renal regulation of potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium; integration of renal mechanisms for control of blood volume and extracellular fluid volume. -- Acid-base regulation. -- Diuretics and kidney diseases. -- Unit VI: Blood cells, immunity, and blood coagulation. -- Red blood cells, anemia, and polycythemia. -- Resistance of the body to infection I: Leukocytes, granulocytes, the monocyte-macrophage system, and inflammation. -- Resistance of the body to infection II: immunity and allergy. -- Blood types: transfusion; and tissue and organ transplantation. -- Hemostasis and blood coagulation. -- Unit VII: Respiration. -- Pulmonary ventilation. -- Pulmonary circulation, pulmonary edema, and pleural fluid. -- Principles of gas exchange; diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane. -- Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood and tissue fluids. -- Regulation of respiration. -- Respiratory insufficiency-pathophysiology, diagnosis, oxygen therapy. -- Unit VIII: Aviation, space, and deep-sea diving physiology. -- Aviation, high altitude, and space physiology. -- Physiology of deep-sea diving and other hyperbaric conditions. -- Unit IX: The nervous system A: General principles and sensory physiology. -- Organization of the nervous system, basic functions of synapses, and neurotransmitters. -- Sensory receptors, neuronal circuits for processing information. -- Somatic sensations I: General organization, tactile and position senses. -- Somatic sensations II: Pain, headache, and thermal sensations. -- Unit X: The nervous system B: The special senses. -- The eye I: Optics of vision. -- The eye II: Receptor and neural function of the retina. -- The eye III: Central neurophysiology of vision. -- The sense of hearing. -- The chemical senses-taste and smell. -- Unit XI: Spinal cord motor functions; the cord reflexes. -- Cortical and brain stem control of motor function. -- Cerebellum and basal ganglia contributions to overall motor control. -- Cerebral cortex, intellectual functions of the brain, learning, and memory. -- The limbic system and the hypothalamus-behavioral and motivational mechanisms of the brain. -- States of brain activity-sleep, brain waves, epilepsy, psychoses, and dementia. -- The autonomic nervous system and the adrenal medulla. -- Cerebral blood flow, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain metabolism. -- Unit XII: Gastrointestinal physiology. -- General principles of gastrointestinal function-motility, nervous control, and blood circulation. -- Propulsion and mixing of food in the alimentary tract. -- Secretory functions of the alimentary tract. -- Digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. -- Physiology of gastrointestinal disorders. -- Unit XIII: Metabolism and temperature regulation. -- Metabolism of carbohydrates and formation of adenosine triphosphate. -- Lipd metabolism. -- Proten metabolism. -- The liver. -- Dietary balances; regulation of feeding; obesity and starvation; vitamins and minerals. -- Energetics and metabolic rate. -- Body temperature regulation and fever. -- Unit XIV: Endocrinology and reproduction. -- Introduction to endocrinology. -- Pituitary hormones and their control by the hypothalamus. -- Thyroid metabolic hormones. -- Adrenocortical hormones. -- Insulin, glucagon, and diabetes mellitus. -- Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcium and phosphate metabolism, vitamin D, bone, and teeth. -- Reproductive and hormonal functions of the male (and function of the pineal gland). -- Female physiology before pregnancy and female hormones. -- Pregnancy and lactation. -- Fetal and neonatal physiology. -- Unit XV: Sports physiology.

Sede Medicina Ciencia de la Salud Dr. William C. Gorgas Doctorado en Medicina y Cirugía

Sede Central Ciencia de la Salud Dr. William C. Gorgas Doctorado en Medicina y Cirugía Sin Enfasis